Abstract

Karst manifestations form as a result of the combined dissolving and deposition processes over periods of time and at varying speed depending on the environmental characteristics of the region. The dissolving process is a fundamental proof in Karst emergence as calcium carbons interact with water and carbon dioxide to produce dissolved bicarbonate with different ground manifestations such as (honeycombs, solution sinkholes, tunnels, caves).
Surface manifestations evolve within the Epi Karst as they are found in the rock outcrops that form the structure of Mountain Maqlub. they are varied in their formal characteristics and names according to their geomorphic evolution. Four Karst manifestations have been studied with spectral signature, most importantly the Honeycombs. Theoretically and laboratory examined models in the study area are related primarily to Karst geology and hydrology, as geomorphic studies are of great importance because they reflect the effects of ancient geological structure and track the contemporary changes of the Mountain.
The study proved the importance of using remote sensing data, GPS and field work to study surface Karst manifestations using Spectroradiometer RS³, Spectral Signature Device (ASD) and by using data collected from Landsat 7 satellite and ENVI program, within spectral range (350-2500 ŋ m), and by drawing a field measured map of the geographical distribution of karst manifestations spread in Mountain Maqlub.