Abstract

The political culture in Iraq went through several stages, starting with the change of the regime in 4/9/2003, which was represented by the administration of the Coalition Provisional Authority, then the writing of the permanent constitution of Iraq, and then the referendum on it 10/15/2005. The process of building the political culture was accompanied by major circumstances that affected the political culture. Strengthening national unity in Iraq significantly and clearly, 4/9/2003,. After this date, Iraq moved towards democracy, but after that it became clear that the Iraqi regime was not a democratic regime in the true sense of the word because the political forces and blocs did not have a political culture that encouraged dialogue and tolerance with others and acceptance of the principle of disagreement and difference. The political culture that these political forces and blocs have and encourage is a culture of tyranny, oppression, and deprivation of others and their exclusion from exercising their rights and participating in building a modern state. Accordingly, the appropriate and necessary political culture was not available to build national unity in Iraq so that Iraq could be a democratic state similar to the democratic countries in Iraq. the world . Considering that the problem of Iraqi national unity still exists and requires real solutions on the ground in order to achieve tangible results, it cannot be built solely by real decisions and orders because it is the product of interaction and cooperation in the official and unofficial spheres, There is no doubt that the constitution must be a tool for consolidating national unity, which has been subjected to a major fracture during the recent era
The year is 2003, and therefore we need to end sectarianism, racism, quotas, nepotism, corruption, exclusion, marginalization, and isolation. And replacing second alternative values ​​such as flexibility, transparency, accountability, kinship, rationality, modernization, respect for other opinions, dialogue, national reconciliation, defining specializations, fair distribution of wealth, adopting standards, the most important of which are efficiency and specialization, and activating means and mechanisms that enhance and achieve national unity, and real monitoring.