Document Type : Conference Paper
Abstract
The Umayyad state was established by the sword, and ruled for eight years, its was ruled by approximately thirteen caliphs. The Umayyad government swore to uphold the principle of inheritance, which led to its weakening . among the Umayyad caliphs was abd al-malik ibn Marwan (65-86 ah) , after whom the true founder of the state was established. The state was established at his hands, and he carried out many tasks. Caliph al-walid ibn abd al- malik also expanded the Umayyad state through the conquests he carried out. His conquests are compared to those of caliph umar ibn al- khattab. The era of caliph Hisham ibn abd al- malik was considered one of the most prosperous eras of the Umayyad caliphs. In light of the above , our research , entitled characteristics of the Umayyad economic personalities according to the orientalists vision , carried within it the role of the men of the Umayyad state, from allies to governors, in the economic development witnessed by the country throughout their rule.
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